Immigration Laws Are The Motivators Of Illegal Immigrants

One of the most controversial political issues of today is that of illegal immigrants from Mexico. Should the question of Illegal immigration into the United States be stopped, as it is unfair to both Americans and Mexicans which illegally immigrated. It is thought that the majority of illegal aliens that are now living in the U.S. are Mexicans (Anderson 55). Roy Beck clarifies the situation by stating, The national consensus is that the United States should be a post-mass immigration country which has included most leaders of business, religion, labor, academics, and social work.† Illegal immigration from Mexico must be stopped by means of different or completely new policies and other methods of prevention, because the effects on both†¦show more content†¦This has stopped a larger flood of people, since most immigrants seem to come to the U.S. in times of Mexican economic depression (Mexico† 2). The most apparent reason Mexicans illegally immigrate is to find j obs. Therefore, the elimination of the chance of them getting a job would be a major deterrent. A bill created by senators in California would allow the employer to enter a job applicant s social security number over the phone in order to receive confirmation of a person s official citizenship (DeMott 31). this would work along with the need for legal documentation that would have to be shown to employer as proof for current verification of legal citizenship,187 works directly with limiting their job opportunities and therefore discouraging men and women from even thinking about ever illegally immigrating. The Consequence Delivery System or Border Patrol is the most effective and powerful form of prevention. They are an agency of Immigration and Naturalization enforcers, that are charged with detecting and preventing illegal passage to the U.S. between America and other countries like Mexico (Anderson 59). U.S. caution on the border causes more delays, higher risks, and raised costs for the jumpers.† The addition of more guards are forcing potential illegal aliens to either be fined or by causing them to hire coyotes† to smuggle them, losing possible wages, which go to paying for food and

Essay on Analysis of St. Augustine’s Confessions - 1927 Words

St. Augustine’s Confessions St. Augustine is a man with a rational mind. As a philosopher, scholar, and teacher of rhetoric, he is trained in and practices the art of logical thought and coherent reasoning. The pursuits of his life guide him to seek concrete answers to specific questions. Religion, the practice of which relies primarily on faith—occasionally blind faith—presents itself as unable to be penetrated by any sort of scientific study or inquiry. Yet, like a true scientist and philosopher, one of the first questions St. Augustine poses in his Confessions is: â€Å"What, then, is the God I worship† (23)? For a long time, Augustine searches for knowledge about God as a physical body, a particular entity—almost as if the Lord†¦show more content†¦One of the opening lines of his Confessions may provide a clue: â€Å"Man is one of your creatures, Lord, and his instinct is to praise you† (21). This suggests that man possesses an innate instinct to seek God an d spiritual enlightenment. It implies that man, as a product of God, will inherently desire knowledge of and a relationship with his creator. Augustine continues by saying: â€Å"The thought of [God] stirs [man] so deeply that he cannot be content unless he praises you, because you made us for yourself and our hearts find no peace until they rest in you† (21). This suggests that though man may struggle on earth, should he decide to turn to God he will experience peace and rest in the Lord. Here Augustine also states that unless man has found God, â€Å"he cannot be content,† implying that those who have not found God will feel a constant inner void. Despite the fact that Augustine comes to view a relationship with God as a natural and fundamental part of life, filling an inherent void, he also makes it clear that he derives great pleasure from his newfound religious understanding. So what does Augustine gain from religion, and his relationship with God? What had been lacking in his relationships with other men prior to his Christian awakening that then received fulfillment through his relationship with God? Augustine says: â€Å"Dust and ashes though I am, let me appeal to your pity, since it isShow MoreRelated St. Augustin Essay1250 Words   |  5 Pages From the analysis of St. Augustine Confessions and Beowulf, it is clear that the two authors, St. Augustine and the poet respectively, differ on their views of death, which helps to paint a better picture of the world that each writer lived in. In Augustines writings, death plays a major role in life; it serves as the stepping stone to a greater existence in heaven. In Augustines world, Christianity and God both play an important role in how death is viewed. In the poets writings we see a differentRead MoreSaint Augustine : The Confessions Of St. Augustine704 Words   |  3 PagesSt. Augustine, Bishop of Hippo, is a true defender of the Catholic faith with an inspirational conversion story which he shares in his writings titled the Confessions. Published around 400 A.D., St. Augustine Confessions had a major influence on western civilization. This beautifully written and intellectually brilliantly narrative on his conversion, St. Agustin brings to light his personal spiritual journe y during his conversion to Catholicism. Completing his book in 400, St. Augustine incorporatedRead MoreReasons For St Augustine s Conversion2016 Words   |  9 PagesSaint Augustine’s conversion. This conversion was believed to be the result of an ultimate battle of sexual desire with spirit. St Augustine Biography Info Augustine of Hippo was born on November 13, in AD 354, in Thagaste (modern day Souk Ahras, Algeria), and died on August 28, in AD 430, in modern-day Annaba, Algeria (then known as Hippo Regius). It was in the latter city where he was named Bishop 35 years prior to his death. It is a challenge to encapsulate renowned personalities, and with St. AugustineRead MoreEssay about Reflecting on St. Augustine at ACS1475 Words   |  6 Pagesand gain new insights about new experiences. In â€Å"The Confessions,† readers see St. Augustine struggle with the question of â€Å"Who am I?† while figuring out his belief in God. The mission of Villanova University is to help create â€Å"thoughtful, intellectually-curious, and spiritually-grounded† students before they graduate. Thus, ACS helps transform young children to be mature adults. Students read â€Å"The Confessions† in ACS because they see Augustine’s struggle to find his identity and religion on his ownR ead MoreAugustine s Confessions And St. Paul Essay1979 Words   |  8 PagesIn Augustine’s Confessions and St. Paul’s First Letter to the Corinthians, both authors discuss the relationship between fleshy temptation and the purity of the spirit. The Confessions is Augustine’s writes of his extensive search for truth and conversion to Christianity, as he struggles against fleshy temptations and his soul to find rest in God. Augustine’s writes of a constant struggle to reconcile between the dualistic notion of the flesh and spirit with a nuanced understanding of flesh. On theRead MoreWhat Is The Measure Of One s Faith, Or Their Non Faith?2706 Words   |  11 PagesAugustine Essay What is the measure of one’s faith, or their non-faith. What must one do to repent for sins, and can those sins ever be forgiven if they repent? These are all questions that are explored and , sometimes left unanswered in Confessions , a book by St. Augustine of Hippo. Standing at the forefront as one of the most important figures in the Ancient Western Church, Augustine was a man of impeccable religious stature, in his later years. In his youth, however, he was a vivacious sinnerRead MoreAnalysis: How the First Christian Books Were Written Collected and Preserved1321 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿An Analysis of How the First Christian Books Were Written, Collected, and Preserved It is no secret that Scripture was written by Christs disciples but tradition tells us that it is the inspired word of God. Scripture itself has been handed down to us through the centuries by the Christian Church. It was the early Church, founded by Jesus Christ (as the Bible itself illustrates), which first gathered all the books of the Bible and gave its authoritative pronouncement that these books were theRead More St. Augustine and the Problem of Evil from a Christian Basis2419 Words   |  10 PagesSt. Augustine and the Problem of Evil from a Christian Basis In his Confessions, St. Augustine writes about a large number of topics that continue to have relevance today. The text documents the development of Augustine’s faith and his Christian philosophy, and one thing of particular interest is his argument for the nature of evil. Christianity predicates several important ideas that Augustine builds upon in his philosophy, and within its context, he presents a thorough, compellingRead MoreEssay on Comparing Christianity and Buddhism1675 Words   |  7 Pagesand productive life. Many theologians consider St. Augustine’s â€Å"Confessions† to be the fundamental nature of Christianity. In â€Å"The Confessions,† St. Augustine addressed himself eloquently and passionately to the enduring spiritual questions that have stirred the minds and hearts of thoughtful men since time began. It is a history of a youth’s fierce struggle to overcome his sinful ways and achieve a life of spiritual grace. The essence to Augustine’s message is that to be a Christian means to moveRead MoreUnderstanding the Self- a Comparison of Descartes and Augustine1593 Words   |  7 Pagesa role in understanding the world. Augustine believes that knowledge does not stem directly from the senses, but rather the senses assist the mind in terms of rationalization and greater understanding. In a book entitled The Doctrine of the Self in St. Augustine and in Descartes, by Marguerite Witmer Kehr, Augustine is quoted saying, â€Å"Whatever the eyes can see, they see truly† (Pg. 588). Unlike Descartes who believes that the senses deceive the mind, Augustine believes that all experiences in some

Bernini and the Statues of Christian Feeling free essay sample

He was an artist in every sense: painter, architect, actor and theatre director, but above all, a sculptor: the sculptor that reinvented Rome as we know it today. To fully understand Bernini’s work, it is crucial to view it in the context of the religious revolution that took place in the seventeenth century, that is the Counter Reformation. In Hibbard’s words: â€Å"Bernini was the great exponent of triumphant Catholicism in the period following the Catholic Counter reformation.   In contrast with the previous Renaissance ideas, the Counter Reformation was led by the Catholic church to restore its own image. By using propaganda, it demanded that art should be easily read by all, stimulate piety and to involve the spectator. Bernini achieved spectator involvement through the use and development of un bel composto, in particular two elements: architecture and sculpture; and his innovative concetto. To understand these two ideas, their definitions must be clarified: Un bel composto is seen as the unification of visual arts or â€Å"the challenge to create integrated environments† in order â€Å"to heighten religious experience†[5]; while Concetto refers to an artistic concept or â€Å"the poetic invention†[6] of the artist. In this way, Concetto is more than an original idea or thought. In describing Michelangelo’s poetry, Alma Alitzer describes it as a term that brings together â€Å"imagination and reality, subject and object. †[7] To illustrate how Bernini used these elements to provoke the viewer’s response, this essay will analyze three of his major works: Saint Bibiana, Saint Longinus and Ludovica Albertoni. Since â€Å"as time went on, he further intensified mystical and devotional quality,†[8] the works will be presented chronologically. |[pic] | Figure 1 Sta. Bibiana 1624-1626 The figure of Santa Bibiana â€Å"was the first official religious commission and his first draped figure†[9] After the remains of Sta. Bibiana and her family were found in 1624, Bernini was instructed by Pope Urban VIII, to renovate both the facade and the interior of the church. The aim of this work was clearly to inspire piety through the memories of Sta. Bibiana and her family, persecuted by the Emperor Julian the Apostate thus becoming martyrs. As a result, the way in which he presented the image of the Saint and its place within the church will be a determinant factor in Bernini’s work, as it would be in future religious works by him. In the treatment of the body, one can see a clear influence from classical times, although used in a different manner and to express a different message. The pose of the saint is one of piety and compassion, and she is looking towards the altar where a window is concealed and an image of Christ is painted in the vault with opening arms. (fig. 2) [pic] Figure 2 Church of Sta. Bibiana, Rome Saint Bibiana is portrayed with a branch of a palm tree in her arm symbolizing ‘her martyrdom’ and half-opened mouth in an expression of ‘ecstasy’. The architectural and painted space that surround Saint Bibiana merge into one, hence bringing her devotion to life. It is the beholder who must link those elements together; the viewer becomes directly involved, becoming a ‘witness’ to the divine event taking place. In contrast to Renaissance works, the silhouette of the figure is open creating ambiguity, as Peterson observes: â€Å" his figures project their meaning outwardly, beyond their extended arms, feet, wings, hair and tails of drapery†[10] thus allowing the viewer to read into it. This is the beginning of Bernini’s way f revealing â€Å"an inner state by external means. The Saint Longinus 1631-1638 St. Peter’s Cathedral, Rome Also commissioned by Urban Pope VII, the connection between form and function in Saint Longinus is undeniable. As Hibbard suggests, â€Å" the Longinus is the best possible example of his new concept of statuary. †[12]. The figure is located under one of the niches in St. Peter’s. As seen in Saint Bibiana, Bernini’s depicts the most important moment in the life of the Saint, which in the case of Saint Longinus is the moment of conversion. His arms are wide open, he is looking up at the Cross as if exclaiming: â€Å"Truly this was the son of God. †[13] Bernini uses a natural source of light from a window above, to create a mystical feeling for the spectator. Another important element that helps to evoke a supernatural experience is the drapery: Bernini has intentionally left the entire surface of the statue with a ridged or striated finish while he used coarser and deeper carving for the drapery, achieving bulky folds and deep cavities thus creating a notable play of light and dark. The viewer is given the impression of richness and as the folds are not obeying gravity, we are also being elevated and converted with him. The statue of Saint Longinus represents â€Å"a forward step in Bernini’s art and adapts this style to religious imagery appropiate to the Ecclesia Triumphans. †[14] [pic] Figure 4 Ludovica Albertoni 1674 Chapel of S. Francisco A Ripa Blessed Ludovica Albertoni â€Å"died of a fever after a life of good work and Franciscan Piety†[15]. The sculpture was commissioned by Cardinal Paluzzi degli Albertoni and can be considered to be the ideal manifestation of un bel composto and of Bernini’s concetto. The Saints’ body and pose are expressions of what is happening in within her soul: her head is resting backwards, her mouth is open and her hands are pressing against her chest and abdomen. In her book Shelly K.. Perlove claims: â€Å"there can be no dispute that the beata as depicted by Bernini is undergoing an intense spiritual experience. †[16]While in the St. Longinus the viewer was being converted with him, in Ludovica Albertoni the viewer â€Å"may conform in the art of Communion†[17]. One of the distinctions between this later work of Bernini and Sta. Bibiana is the increased tendency toward horizontals and verticals to provide a stabilizing element in the composto, as Witkoweer asserts: â€Å"the increased geometry of the underlying system was the necessary complement in the late style to a more radical dissolution of mass. †[18] [pic] Figure 5 The statue is surrounded by symbols: the roses in the vault may indicate â€Å"the marriage to Christ†[19] and the pomegranates depicted in the relief behind the saint’s feet represent both â€Å"the immortality of the soul†[20] and the â€Å"spiritual perfection and salvation. The hallucinatory hidden illumination is provided by concealed windows at left and right above and together with the double arch that frames Ludovica which creates a â€Å"chapel within the chapel,†[22] it provides a theatre-like experience for the spectator. The waves of the drapery, in parallel with her body, and the deep undulations of carved stone help express her emotion thus pushing the viewer back and forward. The drapery is also evocative of the waters of God’s love described by Francis de Sales, John of the Cross and Theresa of Avila, â€Å"according to these writers, the rivers of living water may be understood as the grace of God flowing through a soul united with the deity. †[23] The floating cherubs act as witnesses and add a supernatural character in the chapel. It is a concetto of fire: Bernini represents in Ludovica the Incendium Amoris (â€Å"abnormal psychological phenomenon†) depicted in Spener’s[24] Pia Desideria[25] although the work is also an example of Carita Romana. This is observable in her gesture which is both a reaction to an inner experience and of offering hence â€Å"affirms the beata as the embodiment of the theological virtue of Charity. †[26] The purpose of this essay was to illustrate how Bernini achieved spectator involvement through the use and development of his concetto and un bel composto. Taking into account these three astonishing works, Bernini refines his composto first by means of balancing the underlying system of the figure with it surrounding; second, by proceeding a careful study of the contemporary devotional literature. He succeeds in bringing all the arts together to include the viewer in the experience being portrayed and at the same time obeying the main criteria stated by the Counter Reformation. His concetto is now one of inner heat and divine love. He uses his own devotion to create a space of ambiguity in which â€Å"both mystical and real space breathe the same air†. Bernini added theatricality, drama and ambiguity to his oeuvre through: portraying ecstasy and ardour in the pose and expressions of his figures; by concealing windows above his figures allowing natural sun light to reflect in the pure white marble and by carefully locating his compositions. He makes us aware how much location can affect the way a statue is made†[27] Peterson contends. Nevertheless, Bernini was conscious above all that â€Å"gestures and suddenness are nothing without an audience.

Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depre Essay Example For Students

Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depre Essay ssion of 1929, which may well be the most serious problem facing our free enterprise economic system,( ) few know of the many Americans who lost their homes, life savings and jobs. This paper briefly states the causes of the depression and summarizes the vast problems Americans faced during the eleven years of its span. This paper primarily focuses on what life was like for farmers during the time of the Depression, as portrayed in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath, and tells what the government did to end the Depression. In the 1920s, after World War 1, danger signals were apparent that a great Depression was coming. A major cause of the Depression was that the pay of workers did not increase at all. Because of this, they couldnt afford manufactured goods. Whilethe factories were still manufacturing goods, Americans werent able to afford them and the factories made no money (Drewry and Oconnor 559). Another major cause related to farmers. Farmers werent doing to well because they were producing more crops and farm products than could be sold at high prices. Therefore, they made a very small profit. This insufficient profit wouldnt allow the farmers to purchase new machinery and because of this they couldnt produce goods quick enough (Drewry and Oconnor 559). A new plan was created called the installment plan. This plan was established because many Americans didnt have enough money to buy goods and services that were needed or wanted. The installment plan stated that people could buy products on credit and make monthly payments. The one major problem with this idea was that people soon found out that they couldnt afford to make the monthly payment(Drewry and Oconnor 559). We will write a custom essay on Though most Americans are aware of the Great Depre specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In 1929 the stock market crashed. Many Americans purchased stocks because they were certain of the economy. People started selling their stocks at a fast pace; over sixteen million stocks were sold! Numerous stock prices dropped to fraction of their value. Banks lost money from the stock market and from Americans who couldnt pay back loans. Many factories lost money and went out of business because of this great tragedy (Drewry and Oconnor By the 1930s, thirteen million workers lost their jobs which is 25 percent of all workers. The blacks and unskilled workers were always the first to be fired. Farmers had no money and werent capable of paying their mortgages. Americans traveled throughout the country looking for a place to work to support themselves and their family (Drewry and Oconnor 560-561). John Steinbeck, born in 1902, grew up during the Depression near the fertile Salinas Valley and wrote many books of fiction based on his background and experiences during that time and area of the country. One of his great works would be the Grapes of Wrath In this book, Steinbeck describes the farmers plight during the Great Depression and drought. When the rains failed to come, the grass began to disappear. As the farmers watched their plants turn brown and the dirt slowly turn to dust they began to fear what was to come. In the water-cut gullies the earth dusted down in dry little streams. As the sharp sun struck day after day, the leaves of the young corn became less stiff and erect; then it was June and the sun shone more fiercely. The brown lines on the corn leaves widened and moved in on the central ribs. The weeds frayed and edged back toward their roots. The air was thin and the sky more pale; and every day the earth paled. (qtd. Steinbeck 2-3). The farmers worst fears were realized when their corn and other crops began to die. The dust became so bad they had to cover their mouths with handkerchiefs so they could breath (Steinbeck 3- When the drought hit the Great Plains and the soil turned to dust, many farmers moved to California because they could no longer farm their land(Drewry and OConnor 561). The drought began to affect other parts of the country.In 1930, Virginias belt of fertile land dried up. Ponds, streams, and springs all dried up and the great Mississippi River water level sank lower than ever recorded. Small farmers every-where began to feel the drought. Their small gardens were ruined and their corn crop was cut almost down to nothing. The hay and grass needed to feed their livestock was no longer available. They now faced a major problem -how to feed their livestock. The silos were rapidly emptying and the barns in many cases were empty. The farmers were terrified that the government feed loans wouldnt be available to keep the livestock from dying. In many cases, the Red Cross was making allowances for feed to keep alive livestock (Meltzer 121). The small farmers of fruit trees and vegetable plants depended on others wh o ran canneries to bottle and can their produce. The people they depended upon were the same people that hired scientists to experiment on the fruits and vegetables to come up with better tasting and yielding produce. Thus the small farmers were dependent on these same rich landowners for almost everything. They couldnt harvest their produce on their own so they sold it to the rich landowners and thus made very little money on their produce (Steinbeck 444-447). The farmers found themselves in debt caused by the purchase of land, tools, animals and other items bought on credit. This credit was due to the bank and when the farmers found them- selves unable to repay the debts the bank took away everything they had their land, homes, animals and equipment. When the banks took over, they went in with tractors and destroyed everything on the farms which included their homes and barns. This is best por- trayed in Steinbecks description of how the tractors destroyed everything in its way. The iron guard bit into the house corner, crumbled the wall, and wrenched the little house from its foundation, crushed like a bug (50). .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .postImageUrl , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:hover , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:visited , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:active { border:0!important; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:active , .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u15b31bf2b7a0fc072b2997dfd0ba692a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The great gatspy EssayIn the little houses the tenant people sifted their belongings and the belongings of their father and of their grandfathers (Steinbeck 111). This describes how after many generations of farming on their land these people had to gather their property and memories and then try to sell whatever they could. The farmers were so desperate for money that they had to sell for literally pennies.Steinbeck describes the desperate conversation of a farmer to a persepective buyer Well, take it-all junk-and give me five dollars. Youre not buying only junk, youre buying junked lives (Steinbeck 112). The desperation for work and money became so bad that they were wil ling to work for as little as was offered just so they could have some sort of job and make any amount of money. Soon it was a fight for life or death (Steinbeck).In a desperate search for a job farmers moved themselves and their families all over the country. As people wandered the country looking for work they were unable to live in one place. Large numbers of homeless people led to Hoovervilles. The farmers and their families had to build homes out of anything that they could acquire as Steinbeck describes The south wall was made of three sheets of rusy corrugated iron, the east a square of moldy carpet tacked between two board, the north wall a strip of roofing paper and a strip of tattered canvas, and the west wall six pieces of gunny sacking(Steinbeck 310-311). The homes were usually near water source so they could have water to drink from, cook and wash their clothing (Steinbeck 311). To cut down the number of people seeking jobs or needing help, the government decided to try to come up with some sort of relief. Among other things, they limited immigration, returned hundreds of Mexicans living here,and sought other methods to help the farmers. Hoovers Federal Farm Board urged farmers to plant less so that prices would go up but there was no encouragement to do so.From 1920 to 1932 farm production did drop 6 percent but prices fell ten times as much-by 63 percent. Farmers watched prices hit new lows-15 cents for corn, 5 cents for cotton and wool, hogs and sugar 3 cents, and beef 2.5 cents(Meltzer 123). With farm prices so low, most farmers, living under the fear of their mortgages, knew that sooner or later they will lose everything. In 1932 the farmers declared a holiday on selling. They picketed roads asking people to join the. They gave away free milk to the poor and unemployed rather then let it spoil because they refused to sell it. A thirty-day holiday on farm selling was begun August 8 and extended indefinitely(Meltzer 125). In December 1932, 250 farmers from twenty-six states gathered together for a Farmers National Relief Conference. They announced that they demand relief from creditors who threaten to sweep them from their homes and land(Meltzer 126). In May 1933, the Agricultural Ajustment Act was passed. The aim of this act was to raise the farm prices by growing less. The farmers were paid not to use all the land to plant crops. The money came from tax on millers, meat packers, and other food industries. In June of that same year the Farm Credit Act was passed. This act helped farmers get low interest loans. With this act, farmers wouldnt lose their farms to the banks that held the mortgages. The farmers who lost their farms already would also receive low interest loans(Drewry and Oconnor 569). The Great Depression was the end result of World War I. It affected the rich and poor alike, factory workers and farmers, bankers and stockbrokers. In short, it affected everyone; no one was left untouched. But of all the people hurt, farmers were the worst off. John Steinbeck chose to write about farmers hoping that Americans would recognize their plight and correct the situation. The Great Depression is known to be the worst economic disaster in U. S. history. For this reason, the Depression caused many people to change their ideas about the government and economy. .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .postImageUrl , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:hover , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:visited , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:active { border:0!important; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:active , .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5 .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua376a52e0610a545478b605637f608c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 3 Places that I would like to Visit Essay

Assignment 4 Details Essay

Assignment 4 Details Essay Assignment 4 Details Essay Assignment #4: Arrays and ArrayLists Due: Monday, March 16th @ 11:55PM Total Possible Points: 20 How to Submit Moodle assignment (no emails or hardcopies accepted) Submit IDE project in zip or RAR format as Assignment4.zip or Assignment4.rar Goals To understand how to use arrays to store and retrieve data. To understand how to use the ArrayList data structure to store and retrieve data. To design and develop classes that model real-world entities Your Task In this assignment, you will write create three classes that serve as the start of a small banking system. Your program will use an array list to store transactions in a bank account, and an array to store bank accounts in a bank. You will also make use of iterative algorithms to help you complete various tasks – namely entering bank account information, finding a particular bank account, and computing the average size of a transaction. (*) Feel free to reuse the code of the Bank and BankAccount classes in the ch07.bank package of the BIG JAVA sample code. Make sure you delete methods that you are not using! Requirements/Grading Create a new NetBeans project named CS218 Assignment 4. Be sure to uncheck â€Å"Create Main Class† during the project setup. Create a new package named bank. All three (3) classes described below belong in the bank package. 1. Implement a BankAccount class (6 points total) Three (3) private instance variables: int accountNumber double balance ArrayListDouble transactions One (1) constructor: (2 points) BankAccount(int acctNumber, double initBalance) – initializes the class’ instance variables, using the parameter variable values appropriately Assigns a new ArrayList object to transactions. Don’t forget to add an import statement above your class to link the java.util.ArrayList library to your code. Adds a transaction to transactions†¦think of initBalance as the amount of the initial deposit. Five (5) public methods: int getAccountNumber() – returns the account number double getBalance() – returns the balance void deposit(double amount) – adds money to the account; adds a new transaction to the array list of transactions (1 point) void withdraw(double amount) – subtracts money from the account; adds a new transaction to the list of transactions (withdrawal amount should be added as a negative number) (1 point) double getAverageTransactionSize() – returns the average of the absolute values of all transaction amounts on the account. (2 points) Uses a for-each loop in the calculation Uses the Math.abs(double num) function to get the absolute value of each transaction amount. 2. Implement a Bank class (6 points total) Three (3) private instance variables: BankAccount[] accounts final int SIZE – the size of the accounts array; assign a value of 1000 int numAccounts – the number of accounts in the accounts array One (1) constructor: (0.5 point) Bank() – no parameters, but initializes accounts with a new BankAccount array of size SIZE. Four (4) public methods: void addAccount(int aNumber, double aBalance) (2 points) Creates a new BankAccount with the account number aNumber and the balance aBalance. Puts the new BankAccount into the accounts array after the last existing account Updates the number of accounts. BankAccount find(int aNumber) – finds and returns the BankAccount in the accounts array whose account number matches aNumber. If so such bank account

Words That Include Dur

Words That Include Dur Words That Include Dur Words That Include Dur By Mark Nichol If a word begins with or includes the element dur, it’s likely to be part of the word family derived from the Latin verb durare, meaning â€Å"harden† or â€Å"last.† This post defines the members of this family. Durable means â€Å"able to last a long time† (the noun forms are durability and, rarely, durableness), and a little-known intensifier of that word, perdurable, employs the â€Å"throughout† sense of the prefix per- to mean â€Å"everlasting† or â€Å"very durable.† To endure is to accept or tolerate, though the word may refer to suffering a condition or experience, and it also pertains to continuation of a state or to putting up with the continuation. Something that can be endured is endurable, and the noun form is endurance, which means â€Å"an act or instance of enduring† and sometimes refers to any of several types of competitive events involving long distances and/or arduous conditions the participants must endure. (The mostly obsolete word durance is still used occasionally in legal contexts to refer to physical restraint or confinement.) Enduro is an off-road motorcycle sport. During means â€Å"at a point in the course of† or â€Å"throughout,† so the context of a sentence in which during is employed must clarify whether something done during a visit, for example, was done at some time while the visit occurred or all through the visit. Duration, meanwhile, is a noun referring to a length or span of time. The adjective obdurate is a synonym for â€Å"stubborn,† while the less common word indurate refers to figurative or literal hardening and serves also as a verb meaning â€Å"establish† or â€Å"inure,† or â€Å"make hard† or â€Å"make stubborn.† (Obdurate, however, does not have a verb form; the verb indurate does double duty.) Interestingly, the medieval poet Dante’s full name is Durante degli Alighieri; his birth name comes from durare and survived into modern Italian as a surname used, among others, by twentieth-century entertainer Jimmy Durante. Today is the last day to join our Freelance Writing Course. Dont miss out! Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What is the Difference Between "These" and "Those"?50 Idioms About Meat and Dairy ProductsFew vs. Several

Ethics7 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics7 - Assignment Example The potential liabilities facing APNs are discussed in the following part. This is considered a nurse’s liability if he or she fails to monitor and assess a change in the patient’s condition and refer it to the patient’s physician. To provide optimal patient care, it is required that nurses have appropriate knowledge, skills and positive attitudes toward pain, its assessment and management. Furthermore, this should be based on the best available evidence in preventing patients from suffering harm (NMC, 2008). It is unacceptable for APNs to have inadequate knowledge about pain or patient to experience unmanaged pain. This is considered a poor understanding of their profession in this aspect of care, and thus held accountable if it happens (Diamond, 2002). The management in a bid to prevent this liability may undertake to teach the staff on the importance of pain management and steps involved. In this case pain can be incorporated as a compulsory component, aimed at equipping nurses with knowledge, skills and attitude to undertake proper pain assessment and management. Since this has worked elsewhere, Wilson perceives the result of this as patients receiving higher standard of pain assessment and management and thus reduce the incidences of unnecessary suffering and prevent potential liabilities (2007). These involve transcription and administrative errors by the APN. Medication errors can cause harm to patients, practitioners, families, systems and the profession. Medical errors may be human-performance based or system based. According to a report in the Archives Internal Medicine, nurses who are interrupted while administering medication have an increased risk of making medication errors. Modest strategies to help reduce interruptions may include easy access to whiteboards or other sources of information. Nurses could were vests with â€Å"do not interrupt" messages on them while conducting medication rounds. This entails failing to notify the

Business Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Technology - Essay Example It actually enhances the communication process between people and the organizations. Despite the advantages, several demerits and disadvantages of the application of advanced technology in the business process affects the relationship between an individual and his or her particular organizations, such as bank, school or shops. Several business organizations and banks are implementing online transaction system in the business processes to bring efficiency in the payment making process. People are still trying to avoid this online payment process due to the threat of account hacking by cyber thieves or theft of privacy or personal relationship. In terms of social relationship between friends and families, lack of security in several social media networking sites allow people to access the accounts of different users. These issues generally affect the social and business relationship of people. It is clear from above discussions that the introduction and implementation of technology in daily operations have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Online shopping, online order placing, online distribution, online application and e-CRM are the several advantages of the implementation of advanced technology in the business operation process. In addition to this, emergence of several social media networking sites help people to maintain effective relationship with the friends, families, colleagues and several business organizations (Sternheimer, 2013). But, issues like, online hacking and theft of privacy is affecting the relationship between the people and their respective organizations. It is important for both the users of technological equipments or applications and the organizations to maintain efficiency in the adoption and... This essay approves that several demerits and disadvantages of the application of advanced technology in the business process affects the relationship between an individual and his or her particular organizations, such as bank, school or shops. Several business organizations and banks are implementing online transaction system in the business processes to bring efficiency in the payment making process. People are still trying to avoid this online payment process due to the threat of account hacking by cyber thieves or theft of privacy or personal relationship. In terms of social relationship between friends and families, lack of security in several social media networking sites allow people to access the accounts of different users. These issues generally affect the social and business relationship of people. It is clear from above discussions that the introduction and implementation of technology in daily operations have several advantages as well as disadvantages. Online shopping, online order placing, online distribution, online application and e-CRM are the several advantages of the implementation of advanced technology in the business operation process. This paper makes a conclusion that organizations are using advanced technology in the business processes in order to maintain strong relationship with the target customers. Despite the advantages, people can face several through these online business or social applications.

Comparative Paper Essay Example for Free

Comparative Paper Essay The welcome table and country lovers share the same theme but are adversely different in many ways, yet in some they are a lot alike. In this paper I will compare and contrast The Welcome table by Alice Walker and Country lovers by Nadine Gordimer. I will address how they both are written in form, context, and style. I will explain different literary elements the author’s used to give detail about the stories. The two stories being compared and contrasted are similar in that they both are written around the same theme, race, and ethnicity. They are also both written in third person. The two writers Alice Walker and Nadine Gordimer were both expressing stories of racial inequality. They also show the reader that when the story was written it was not allowed to have a white person and black person in a relationship. They also express how unequal it was for a white person compared to a black person. In â€Å"The welcome table† a black woman came up to the steps of a white church and the preacher of that church stopped her at the lobby and said â€Å"Auntie, you know this is not your church† (Clangston 2010).† In the story country lovers Thebedi and Paulus, the main characters, had grown up together and ended up having a sexual relationship. When Paulus finds out Thebedi had a light skinned child he kills it because a white and black relationship is not allowed. He is also ashamed about being in a relationship with her and denies all accusations against him. In country lovers the story is about a white male, Paulus Eysendyck, who is the son of a farmer, and Thebedi one of the black female workers on the farm. The story starts off with them as children playing together along with all the other children, but Paulus and Thebedi were closer than the others. As they grow up Paulus goes to school and brings Thebedi gifts and tells her stories about school. They eventually end up having a sexual relationship and Thebedi ends up pregnant. Paulus is away at school when she finds this information out along with finding out she is getting married to Njabulo a black male who also works for the farmer. Thebedi gets married and has the baby. Njabulo knows that the child is not his because it has straight hair and light colored skin, but still raises him as his own. Paulus returns from school and overhears the in house servants talking about the light skinned child. He then goes out to the living quarters to see it. He finds Thebedi and Njabulo’ s house and secretly kills the child. The author uses imagery, character, and third person point of view (bookrags.com) throughout this story. The author paints a very good picture for the reader by using very graphic details describing everything. She uses character to describe the people in the story. Nadine Gordimer writes the story in third person objective. She only speaks as an outsider looking down on the story unfolding. She does not tell the reader what the characters feel throughout the story. Using imagery she makes a visual image of the characters and setting. â€Å"down there hidden by the mesh of old, ant-eaten trees held in place by vigorous ones, wild asparagus bushing up between the trunks, and here and there prickly-pear cactus sinken-skinned and bristly, like an old man’s face, keeping alive sapless until the next rainy season†. (Country lovers Nadine Gordimer). This is one example of what the reader experiences throughout the story. In The welcome table the main theme is also about racial inequality. This story starts out with an old black lady standing on the stairs of a church. She walks into the church and the preacher says â€Å"Auntie, you know this is not your church?† as if one could choose the wrong one. (Clangston 2010). She just walks past him and sits down in the very back row of the church. All the white people sitting inside near the front starred at her in disbelief. The usher came up to her and told her she needed to leave she just waved him off and told him to go away. The white wives told their husbands to get her out of the church also. They acted quickly and went to her and put an arm under hers to pick her up and carried her out. The author told the reader about the smell the men had on their fingers after carrying her out. It was a musty smell from her under arms. While she was standing on the front steps she looked up the road and saw Jesus. She was excited waving her arms so he did not miss her. She started walking with him and talking to him explaining everything even singing at times. At the end of the story they never saw her again. Many people speculated that she had died walking along the road. Many people though she had family on the other side of the river, but no one knew for sure. The incident was never spoken of in the church again. Alice Walker used third person, character and imagery like Nadine Gordimer did also. Alice Walker used third person omniscient allowing you not just to observe the action, but to see inside the thinking of those involved. She described the main character in great detail. She described here clothing â€Å"the missing buttons down the front of her mildewed black dress.† She described her personal qualities more in depth. She described her eyes, skin, and smell. â€Å"Aged blue-brown eyes†, â€Å"she was angular and lean and the color of poor gray Georgia earth, beaten by king cotton and the extreme weather. Her elbows were wrinkled and thick, the skin ashen but durable, like the bark of old pines.† (Clangston 2010). She also used similes throughout her story. The author did paint a picture using imagery, but this time it was of the main character, not the setting like Nadine Gordimer did. To compare the two stories both authors used imagery, character, third person point of view, and shared the same theme. The theme of both stories is about racial inequality. Both stories involved a black female as main characters. Life in the days these stories were written was not what it is like now. The story The Welcome Table was written in a collection of stories between 1967 and 1973. (Bradley, D). The story Country Lovers was written in 1975 (Custodio, L). This story also won the literary Nobel Prize in 1991. (nobelprize.org). Life in this time was not equal at all. Blacks were looked at as to be less that white people. In most places blacks and whites could not eat in the same areas or use the same drinking fountains and in most cases as we see in The Welcome Table could not even go to the same church. These were called Jim Crow laws. (nps.gov) In Country lovers we see they definitely could not be in a relationship. Both authors used imagery to let the reader see what was going on in the story. They both used describing details. In the welcome table the author describes to use the frigid cold outside and inside the church. She also tells us about the color and texture of her clothing, even describing the greasy hair stain on the bonnet. She also tells the smell of the underarms of the old lady after the men pick her up to remove her from the church. In Country lovers the author also uses imagery to give the reader a visual image of the story. She describes how Njabulo has built his house, making the reader feel as if they were right there looking at it. â€Å"Thebedi appeared, coming slowly from the hut Njabulo had built in white man’s style, with a tin chimney, and a proper window with glass panes set in straight as walls made of unfired bricks would allow.† (Clangston 2010). Along with telling the reader how the hut was built the author also describes the setting down by the dried up creek with great detail. â€Å" It had always been a good spot for children’s games/ down there hidden by the mesh of old, ant-eaten trees held in place by vigorous ones, wild asparagus bushing up between the trunks, and here and there prickly-pear cactus sunken- skinned and bristly, like an old man’s face, keeping alive sapless until the next rainy season.† (Clangston 2010). Both authors used character in their stories. The characters were involved in racial inequality yet neither author said anything about race or inequality in their stories. In The Welcome Table the old black lady tried to attend a white church. Three different times she was told that she did not belong first by the preacher â€Å"Auntie, you know this is not your church?† (Clangston 2010). The second, by the usher, who had never turned anyone away for church, never thought he would ever have to turn anyone away, and also â€Å"whispered that she should leave† (Clangston 2010). The last time was when the white wives told their husbands to remove her and that they did. They picked her up under her arms as set her back outside. In Country Lovers the main character Thebedi is a worker on the Paulus’ family farm. She is a poor black child whose parents had worked on the farm also. In the beginning Thebedi and Paulus along with all the other children played together and it was ok. As they got older and Paulus went to school he brought Thebedi gifts but, none for the other workers and once again that was ok. It’s when they begin their sexual relationship that problems occur. When Thebedi gets pregnant by Paulus she refuses to tell him. It is when the baby is born and Paulus over hears the in-house servants talking about it that it became a problem for him. Paulus immediately goes down to the hut to see the baby for himself and sees that the baby is light skinned, green-eyed, and straight haired. He then becomes ashamed and says â€Å"I feel like killing myself† (Clangston 2010). The authors chose to write in third person point of view, which to the reader, in these stories, lets them see and get a better understanding of what is happening and also lets the reader form their own opinion of the situation. If Nadine Gordimer would have written her story in first person she would have only let the reader see and understand what Thebedi was seeing and feeling. This would have taken the story in a completely different direction. At the same time if Alice Walker would have told the story in first person the story would have been less â€Å"juicy† with details. To contrast the stories, the stories are written in different types of third person, using imagery the authors describe different parts in the story and the stories plots were completely different. In Country lovers the plot was a love story. In The Welcome Table the plot was an old black lady not being allowed in a white person’s church. The type of point of view used in Alice Walker’s story is third person omniscient which allows the reader to see the action but to know the feelings of those involved. She used this to let the reader feel and know what the main character was thinking and feeling, and at the same time still tell what everyone else is doing around her. By writing in this version of third person the story was more informative. Had she written the way Nadine Gordimer wrote her story the reader would not fully understand what the main character was feeling. The point of view in which Nadine Gordimer wrote her story is first person objective. First person objective is â€Å"an external narrator who takes a detached approach to the action and characters, usually to create a dramatic effect, and does not enter into their minds.† (Clangston 2010). By writing this way she made the story more dramatic and kept the audience guessing until the end. If Country lovers were written like The Welcome Table Paulus would not have been as much of an influence in the story as he is now. Using imagery the authors went two completely different ways. One described qualities of the main character and little about the setting the other described the setting at multiple times. Nadine Gordimer wanted the reader to be standing next to the characters, seeing and almost being able to feel the setting throughout the story. Alice Walker on the other hand, wanted the reader to see the qualities of the old lady. She wanted the reader to be able to visualize every wrinkle and weather beaten inch of the old lady’s body. Other items the authors did differently were similes and character names. The only character named in The Welcome Table was Jesus. In country lovers almost every character in the story was named. By doing this the author makes the reader create a picture of the characters and it helps them understand the story line better. The Welcome Table used more similes than Country lovers. Nadine Gordimer wrote the story as if it were unfolding in front of the reader’s eyes. Alice Walker wrote in a past tense type of way. She put different selections of words in to make it seem as if she was there and was telling it to a school class trying to make them think. Both of the literary works are short stories. The way they write involves setting and specific details. They do not use a lot of dialog between characters, which would be indicative of a play. Short stories are close to the being written like a play would. A play is written with multiple characters. They all have multiple lines that describe what the story is supposed to be betraying. There are multiple set or setting changes throughout plays. The setting changes coincide with acts. Acts break up a play into many different parts. They will lead the audience into the next set of events that is about to happen. Inside each act is a scene, multiple scene makes up one act. The way plays are written compared to the way short stories are written are very different yet close in some parts. When a play is written it almost like reading a conversation between the characters with some describing lines to give a setting. Both The welcome table and Country lovers are written in the same form as compared to a play. They both do not use acts or scenes in the stories. With that being said Country Lovers could be turned into a play with the details and characters used throughout it. The lack of dialog and setting details in The Welcome Table would make it very hard to be turned into a play. In Country Lovers the author describes the setting very well. This helps the reader visualize what is happening and what the characters are doing and how they are acting. In this paper I compared and contrasted many different ways of writing between Country Lovers by Nadine Gordimer and The Welcome Table by Alice Walker. Both writers used the same theme, race and inequality. They also used many of the same literary terms. Some of which were the same however most of which were not. They taught us that there is not a specific way every term or type of writing had to be written, there are many different ways to write the same thing. The welcome table and country lovers share the same theme but are adversely different in many ways, yet in some they are a lot alike. Some examples I explained were imagery, point of view, and character. The theme may be the same but Country lovers and The Welcome Table do not share the same plot or story line. Every story paints a picture, yet some paint in different ways. I also described how the forms of the short stories are written compared to a play. Country Lovers was written in great detail of the characters and the setting. The Welcome table on the other hand lacks the qualities and elements that Country Lovers have. Which would make Country lovers much easier to turn into a play compared to The welcome table. References http://leecustodio.hubpages.com/hub/Country-Lovers-an-Analysis Explore  » Books, Literature, and Writing (105,185)  »Books and Novels (16,746) Clangston, R. W. (2010). Journey into literature. San Diego, California: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content.ashford.edu/books Bradley, David (1984). The New York Times. New York Times Company http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/04/specials/walker-story.html Nadine Gordimer Nobel Lecture: Writing and Being. Nobelprize.org. 14 Aug 2012 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1991/gordimer-lecture.html http://www.nps.gov/malu/forteachers/jim_crow_laws.htm The Welcome Table from BookRags and Gales For Students Series.  ©2005-2006 Thomson Gale, a part of the Thomson Corporation. All rights reserved.

FDR: The New Deal Essay -- America and the Great Depression

Outline Thesis: The various programs created by FDR’s New Deal helped bring the United States out of The Great Depression. Paper Outline Intro Who was FDR Why was he popular His views Thesis II.) The U.S. emerges from a depression About the depression Who was affected What the nation needed at the time FDR’s help during New Deal Who helped him Why they did it It’s effects on the nation Restoring Banks Why people lost faith in the banks What FDR did to increase faith the FDIC More Americans get jobs CWA FERA CCC Business relief How business was affected by depression NIRA NRA SEC Help for Farming Depression hurts agriculture AAA Improving Americans lives Poor conditions of depression TVA Conclusion Overview of programs overall effectiveness alphabet soup   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The day finally came when the United States, emerging to become a world power, began to crumble. Called Black Thursday, October 24, 1929 would be the start of The Great Depression, and the first test of the Communist influences that were present around the world (Schraff 17). Then in 1933, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, was elected to the Presidency with hopes of uplifting Americans from the severe economic decline it was going through (Schlesinger 106). Roosevelt was prepared with a plan to battle depression with a set of new programs. His first â€Å"Hundred Days† helped pass new legislation to aid farmers, industrialists and workers (Watkins 123-160). â€Å"His technique was, as he said, ‘bold, persistent experimentation†¦Take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try another. But above all, try something’† (Schlesinger 106). Roosevelt experimented with many new programs to help different groups, and Americans o n the whole. The various programs created by FDR’s New Deal helped bring the United States out of the Great Depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Numerous factors caused the Great Depression in the United States from 1929 to 1945. One of these was stock market speculation. People began to buy stocks with money loaned from banks, and used these stocks as collateral to buy more stock. The stock market began to increase rapidly on false hopefulness and borrowed money. Due to this, the stock market was uneasy and many began to lose confidence in it. Those with stocks tried to sell them, and no one was willing to buy. This ultimately led to the downfall of the ... ... and provided relief for those who can not support themselves. Overall, FDR’s New Deal helped create programs that ended the Great Depression. Although some argue that WWII ended the depression, FDR’s programs were the main support and foundation for the increase in production of war goods. Therefore, the various programs created by FDR’s New Deal helped bring the United States out of The Great Depression. Works Cited Boardman, Fon W. The Thirties: America and the Great Depression. New York, Henry Z. Walck, Inc., 1967. Church, George J. â€Å"Taking Care of Our Own.† Time. 9 Mar. 1998: 106-108. Gupta, Pranav and Jonathan Lee. The Great Depression and The New Deal. 7 Mar 1996. 20 May 2000 . Library Projects Under Public Works, Civil Works, and Relief Administrations. 1 Dec 1933. 23 May 2000 . Schlesinger, Arthur Jr. â€Å"Franklin Delano Roosevelt.† Time. 13 Apr. 1998: 98-100. Schraff, Anne E. The Great Depression and The New Deal. New York: Franklin Watts, 1990. Watkins, T.H. The Great Depression: America in the 1930’s. Boston: Blackside, Inc., 1993.

Dickens’s other novels Essay

This passage shows how Joe is willing to inconvenience himself, and make himself look stupid, to protect what he has with Pip. The fact that the hat will never stay where Joe puts it highlights the precariousness of the relationship, and shows that try as he might, there are other forces, namely Pip’s expectations, working against him to ruin the relationship. â€Å"†¦ finally splashing it into the slop-basin, where I took the liberty of laying hands upon it. † (p183) The hat ending up in the slop basin is symbolic of how the relationship has broken down. And Pip finally picking it up and taking it away from Joe, is symbolic of Pip not wanting Joe to keep trying to save it. This incident is an example of how humour is combined with symbolism in Great Expectations to convey a serious message to the reader in a light-hearted, unsentimental manner. The effect of this is entertaining the reader whilst at the same time giving them deeper insight into the important relationships in the story. Dickens uses understatement to create humour in the opening of the book. When the convict says ‘Darn me if I couldn’t eat (Pip’s cheeks), Pip ‘earnestly expressed (his) hope that he wouldn’t. This creates humour because obviously Pip would be more adamant about not being eaten alive. This light-hearted portrayal of the situation diffuses the tension of a potentially terrifying moment, allowing the reader to feel less concerned for Pip, and therefore less afraid of the convict. This prepares us to like the convict later in the story. Wemmick, the dry lawyers clerk who leads a double life as the whimsical architect and smallholder at Walworth, provides a lot of the humour in the novel though his eccentric behaviour. He refers to his profoundly deaf father, as ‘the Aged’ there are several comic scenes in which Pip and Wemmick nod exaggeratedly at him as a means of communication. Wemmick, his Walworth home and his humorous ways are used to diffuse tension. For example, Wemmick’s rushed marriage to Miss Siffkins is sandwiched between the Magwitch’s capture and his trial. Dickens also uses irony to entertain and engage the reader, and point to some of themes of the novel. The first obvious example of irony is about Mrs Joe Gargery. She has taken her husbands names, and this is usually a symbol that a wife is her husband’s property. However, their relationship is completely the opposite, and he treats Joe as no more than a child. This reverts the typically stereotype that women are more weak-willed than men are. Satis house is also ironically named. It means enough, and is the root of the word satisfaction. However there can be no satisfaction there for Miss Havisham, Estella or Pip. Dickens uses the mists as a metaphor for Pip’s mind. When he is about to leave for London, he says, â€Å"the mists had all solemnly risen now and the world lay spread before me† (p152), it shows that in Pip’s mind, everything has been resolved, and he is on his way to where he belongs. There are many themes interlaced with the story. Firstly that of class and what makes a true ‘gentleman’. Pip associates being a ‘gentleman’ with having money. However through the characters in the story, Dickens shows that this is not true. Bentley Drummle is rich, yet has many undesirable characteristics. He is Pip’s nemesis. Herbert Pocket on the other hand is poor, but Pip admires and loves him. Miss Havisham also represents a paradox in Pip’s world of money = happiness. She is extremely rich; however, her money is the worst thing that happened to her. It is the reason Compeyson started a relationship with her and then broke her heart. Through the story, Pip learns that money is not the most important thing in the world, when he accepts the convict as his benefactor and friend. Another theme central to the novel is that of justice. Justice is always done. Joe behaves admirably throughout the novel, and Pip does not. In the end Joe is rewarded by winning Biddy. Estella mocks Pip for being common and breaks his heart. However, she marries Drummle who treats her badly, and in the end it is she, with a convict as a father, who is of the lowest class. Compeyson and Magwitch are both criminals, but Compeyson is by far the worse of the two. They both die, as penance for their crimes, but Compeyson’s death is horrific and painful, whereas Magwitch’s is a more dignified affair. Another theme is that pride and revenge are destructive. Miss Havisham sets out to destroy the male sex, but in the end only ruins the lives of two females, her and Estella. The historical context is another reason why Great Expectations is a great novel. Britain had just undergone an industrial revolution, which had widened the gap between the rich and urban dwelling poor. A similar situation in France had led to a political revolution. The British authorities were mindful of this and thus imposed a harsh regime – executions and transportations were commonplace. Dickens felt that this was wrong, so one of the ‘good’ characters in the story was executed to highlight this and the law that transported convicts were not allowed to return is one of the obstacles in the story. Dickens own family situation is also shown in the novel, which makes it not only entertaining, but also informative and reliable. His father was a criminal and Dickens spent some of his childhood living in a debtor’s prison. This gave him an unfavourable impression of the British justice system and this is shown in the novel when Pip first comes to London, and sees the gallows and the prison. Also, Jaggers is the main exponent of the law and he is cold and unforgiving. So in conclusion, Dickens combines complex characters, a wide range of underlying themes and many literary techniques with other things to create a successful novel. These wide ranges of techniques and devices help the play to engage the audience on many different levels, by stimulating them verbally, emotionally and intellectually. The novel also entertains and informs at the same time. Although, for analytical purposes, I have divided these things up, the reader responds to them as a whole and they all work together to make an impact. However, literature, by definition is an art. So although great Expectations is technically a good novel, due to the subjective nature of the literature, it is up the individual whether they enjoy it or not, and whether they prefer it to any of Dickens’s other novels.

The George Lopez Show

The show stars George Lopez as manager of Powers Brothers Aviation (originally Powers & Sons Aviation), an airplane parts factory. He is married to Angie Palmero (Constance Marie) and has two outgoing children, Max and Carmen (Luis Armand Garcia and Masiela Lusha). They all live together in Los Angeles, California. George had a difficult childhood. He was abandoned by his father, Manny, and further mistreated and traumatized by a careless, abusive, chain smoking, alcoholic mother, Benita â€Å"Benny† Lopez (Belita Moreno). She usually criticizes Angie's cooking and parenting skills.George and Benny's adult relationship mainly consists of the two of them trading insults about each other, mainly referring to George's childhood (one example being how George was forced to eat a chair because Benny did not feed him). They appear to care for each other, and George has admitted his feelings for Benny in some episodes. Benny works at Powers Brothers Aviation, as does George's best friend, Ernesto â€Å"Ernie† Cardenas (Valente Rodriguez), who is mostly luckless in the dating arena and still lives with his mother. George's father-in-law, Dr.Victor â€Å"Vic† Palmero (Emiliano Diez), thinks Angie should have married someone better than George, but as the series progresses, he begins to respect and accept him. George always tries to catch his children getting in trouble when they misbehave, whether it be by confronting them straight on, or sneakily investigating, then punishing them later. It is still always shown that George loves and cares deeply for his family, even though in one episode he said that his kids were definitely in the top 5, and he would sometimes insult Angie.

The Alliance System and the New Imperialism essays

The Alliance System and the New Imperialism essays During the 19th and 20th century an abundance of change was occurring within the world in terms of the bonding and binding of alliance systems. France would quickly intertwine itself with different countries in order to form alliances to offer a form of security, strength, and wealth for the countries in the alliance as well as themselves. At the same time, there was a race for the empire, which would gain fuel through expansionism of other empires. Additionally, major imperialist activities would occur. Through fear and concern for security, strength, and wealth colonial holdings would increase. The combination of these elements and the binding of the countries through alliances would eventually help lead to the individual countries involvement in World War I (WWI) and the reasoning France had several different alliances with other countries. France was a great ally and had the economic, political, and military strengths that proved useful in the battle against Germany and Austria-Hungary. France even had a secret alliance with Italy that led to Italy aiding France in the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. There were other alliances like the Franco-Russian Alliance of 1892 this agreement was formed with Russia. In the Franco-Russian agreement, if Germany or its ally Italy were to attack France, Russia would come to the aid and defend France. The same thing applies to Russia if the scenario occurred for them. The next agreement was the Entente Cordiale of 1904, which helped to end conflict between Great Britain and France. This agreement in no way made Great Britain or France an alliance with each other, or force Great Britain to commit support to Russia. This was more of an agreement than real formal alliance; however, the Triple Entente of 1907 changed the original alliance of the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and added Russia. Now they were the Triple Entente and stood in opposi...

Overview of Sociologys Conflict Theory

Overview of Sociologys Conflict Theory Conflict theory states that tensions and conflicts arise when resources, status, and power are unevenly distributed between groups in society  and that these conflicts become the engine for social change. In this context, power can be understood as control of material resources and accumulated wealth, control of politics and the institutions that make up society, and ones social status relative to others (determined not just by class but by race, gender, sexuality, culture, and religion, among other things). Karl Marx A house may be large or small; as long as the neighboring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all social requirement for a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace, and the little house shrinks to a hut. Wage Labour and Capital (1847) Marxs Conflict Theory Conflict theory originated in the work of Karl Marx, who focused on the causes and consequences of class conflict between the bourgeoisie (the owners of the means of production and the capitalists) and the proletariat (the working class and the poor). Focusing on the economic, social, and political implications of the rise of capitalism in Europe, Marx theorized that this system, premised on the existence of a powerful minority class (the bourgeoisie) and an oppressed majority class (the proletariat), created class conflict because the interests of the two were at odds, and resources were unjustly distributed among them. Within this system an unequal social order was maintained through ideological coercion which created consensusand acceptance of the values, expectations, and conditions as determined by the bourgeoisie.  Marx theorized that the work of producing consensus was done in the superstructure of society, which is composed of social  institutions, political structures, and culture, and what it produced consensus for was the base, the economic relations of production.   Marx reasoned that as the socio-economic conditions worsened for the proletariat, they would develop a class consciousness that revealed their exploitation at the hands of the wealthy capitalist class of bourgeoisie, and then they would revolt, demanding changes to smooth the conflict. According to Marx, if the changes made to appease conflict maintained a capitalist system, then the cycle of conflict would repeat. However, if the changes made created a new system, like socialism, then peace and stability would be achieved. Evolution of Conflict Theory Many social theorists have built on Marxs conflict theory to bolster it, grow it, and refine it over the years. Explaining why Marxs theory of revolution did not manifest in his lifetime,  Italian scholar and activist  Antonio Gramsci  argued that the power of ideology was stronger than Marx had realized  and that more work needed to be done to overcome cultural hegemony, or  rule through common sense. Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno, critical theorists who were part of The Frankfurt School, focused their work on how the rise of mass culturemass produced art, music, and mediacontributed to the maintenance of cultural hegemony. More recently, C. Wright Mills drew on conflict theory to describe the rise of a tiny power elite composed of military, economic, and political figures who have ruled America from the mid-twentieth century. Many others have drawn on conflict theory to develop other types of theory within the social sciences, including feminist theory, critical race theory, postmodern and postcolonial theory, queer theory, post-structural theory, and theories of globalization and world systems. So, while initially conflict theory described class conflicts specifically, it has lent itself over the years to studies of how other kinds of conflicts, like those premised on race, gender, sexuality, religion, culture, and nationality, among others, are a part of contemporary social structures, and how they affect our lives. Applying Conflict Theory Conflict theory and its variants are used by many sociologists today to study a wide range of social problems. Examples include: How todays global capitalism creates a global system of power and inequality.How words play a role in reproducing and justifying conflict.The causes and consequences of the gender pay gap between men and women. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

Biology2.1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biology2.1 - Essay Example sion of the virus to humans occurs as a result of human contact with an already infected fowl as well as contaminated surfaces (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 13). By definition, transmission is the spread or passing of a contagious infection from one person to another or from a contaminated surface or animal to humans. Contamination is very likely to occur in Asia due to poor hygiene amongst Asians contributed by high population. In these areas therefore, a pandemic is most likely to occur when birds are infected. In laymans terms, a pandemic is an outbreak. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention notes that the mortality or death rate as a result of a Bird Flu infection is between 90-100 per cent in most cases in forty eight hours (par. 3). This virus can pose a global threat if it changes to a form that can enhance or enable its transmission from one human being to another (Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, par. 15). Bird Flu replicates through a lytic cycle. Lytic cycle is whereby the virus invades the genetic material of the host animal and subsequently exploit the host cells to reproduce till the cells rupture hence killing them. In comparison, the virus in a lysogenic cycle reproduces without killing the cell (Brooker 379). Once a pathogen, in this case the virus attacks the human, the body reacts through adaptive immunity whereby it is able to identify the virus in case of re-infection and immediately produces antibodies that starts to attack the virus to destroy or kill it. The cells responsible for this process are B-cells and T-cells. T-cells kills the cells infected with the virus and trigger production of cells referred to as interferon that slows down its reproduction (Nathanson 88). To treat viral infections, antiviral drugs to prevent replication of the virus can be administered or drugs to kill the infected cells without killing the host (Nathanson 238). Flu vaccines are made using dead viruses. These dead viruses

Strategic Leadership and Future Leaders (DB) Essay

Strategic Leadership and Future Leaders (DB) - Essay Example I would also choose a leadership style which relates to my persona and comment on another which doesn't. (Yellid) The servant leader relationship was coined by Robert Greenfield, wherein the leader's role is reduced to that of a steward, with special regards to human, financial and statistical recourses of an organization. Although the concept is not new and Chanakya, a great thinker from India, has already mentioned its true worth in the 4th century BC, the fact still remains that it was indeed Robert Greenfield who reinforced it with an official stamp. The reason why I advocate the cause for a servant leader relationship is because the servant leader, during its manifestation phase, is blessed with the power of listening, empathy, awareness, conceptualization, healing, stewardship, persuasion and community building. The leader is also stated to be a humble servant of the organization and strives to help his/her employees in their future growth. Unlike a typical top down relationship, servant leadership is based on trust, empathy and ethical use of power. (Yellid) Over here, a leader has to create a positive relationship with the organization.

Natural selection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Natural selection - Assignment Example Evidently, the process of natural selection has been shown to play a role in seasonal variations in homozygotes and heterozygotes. To this end, it has been ascertained that carriers for different chromosomal variations occur at different frequencies at different seasons. Such genetic constitutions can be passed on to offsprings. This leads to some offsprings that are better suited to environmental disparities, while others are least suited to prevailing environmental conditions. In this article, the variations in seasonal adaptability among natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura are analyzed. Basically, the article unveils a study targeted towards determination of the impact of the gene combinations on the third chromosome of Drosophila pseudoobscura in their adaptation to varied environmental setup. It aims to show that natural selection plays an integral role in determining the survival of organisms with specific gene combinations. The study was prompted by the observations that seasonal variations occurred within the populations of the organisms. More specifically, it was observed that while certain seasons favored heterozygotes, other seasons were more favorable to homozygotes. To test the hypothesis to ascertain the heritability of seasonal adaptation, the research uses experimental designs which involved parent-offspring comparisons under artificial environment, in a population cage. Through this comparison, the study was able to show differential death rates with inversion heterozygotes more favored than homozygotes. Further, this study involved use of specifically selected eggs representative of heterozygote or homozygote states exclusively. Such eggs were produced through well-programmed breeding. Despite the conduct of the experiment in artificial setting, the study confidently outlines that the determination of the artificial experiment is an accurate account of the developments in natural habitat. It

Host Community Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism

Host Community Attitudes And Perceptions About Tourism This study aims at identifying the relationships between residents socio- cultural, economic and environmental aspect and their attitudes towards tourism by focusing on a small community where tourism is in the development stage. By conducting this research, the author hopes to come across the residents attitudes and capture their current perceptions about tourism development in their area. Moreover, this research is being done because most authors agree that initial community attitudes toward tourism are critical to community involvement in the industry (Murphy 1981), the formation of destination image (Echtner Ritchie 1991). Attitudes are defined as a state of mind of the individual toward a value (Allport 1966, p. 24) and as an enduring predisposition towards a particular aspect of ones environment (McDougall Munro 1987, p. 87). Attitude of host community to tourism based development can improve if there is a boost in the tangible and indescribable settlements the host community can receive by being in based development (Choi Sirakaya, 2006). As Attitudes are based under this understanding, this is why some researchers came to a conclusion that residents attitudes toward tourism are not simply the reflections of residents perceptions of tourism impacts, but the results of interaction between residents perceptions and the factors affecting their attitudes (Lankford et al.1994). Some preceding researchs have proved that some most important impacts of tourism are identified along with its variables, however the theory is underdeveloped: Currently there is limited understanding of why residents respond to the impacts of tourism as they do, and under what conditions residents react to those impacts (Ap 1992, p. 666). Husband (1989) also addressed this issue by saying There is, so far, no theoretical justification of why some people are, or are not, favorably disposed to tourism (p. 239). Various issues can persuade perceptions of the host community about positive outcomes of tourism development. Support will depend on the degree of benefits perceived. The participation of community will be discussed later on in the literature review. The acceptance of local values can also be an important factor that leads to the achievement of a tourism based development (Alexander, 2000). However over a certain period of time many findings detected that host community perceptions in the direction from tourism may have more positive attitudes. People who depend on tourism industry or having a better economic benefit may possibly have a higher degree of positivity than other inhabitants who do not benefit from a tourism development ( lankford and howard, 1994; Jurowski, Uysal, and willimas, 1997; Sirakaya , Teye and Sonmez,2002 ). Lindberg and Johnson (1997) mentioned that people having higher economic impacts from tourism may have more positive attitudes. However Travis (1984) has stated that its not only an economic characteristics such as the opportunity for jobs creation or capital generation that needs to be considered by the host community. The socio-cultural and environmental aspects are also very important. For Choi and Sirakaya (2005), the most community should also have a better environment in term of infrastructures and improved amenities such as leisure and recreational activities. They describe tourism as consisting of various supports and any development in the tourism field should ensure the protection of the culture of host community, alongside the protection of the environment. In order to clarify the relationship between the impacts of tourism and residents attitudes toward tourism, several models have been developed. One of the most influential models is Doxeys Irridex model (1975) which suggests that residents attitudes toward tourism may pass through a series of stages from euphoria, through apathy and irritation. to antagonism, as perceived costs exceed the expected benefits. This model is supported by Long et al.s (1990) research results, which indicate residents attitudes, are initially favorable but become negative after reaching a threshold. To have a better comprehension about the relationship between the impacts of tourism and residents attitudes toward tourism, several models have been developed. One of the most dominant models is Doxeys Irridex model (1975) which suggests that residents attitudes toward tourism may pass through a series of stages from euphoria, through apathy and irritation. to antagonism, as perceived costs exceed the expected benefits. This model was supported by Long et al.s (1990) research results, which indicated that residents attitudes are initially favorable but become negative after reaching a threshold. The Irridex model indicates that residents attitudes toward tourism will change overtime. It suggests that residents attitudes and reactions toward tourism contain a sense of homogeneity (Mason et al. 2000). Conversely, this concept was challenged by some research findings that reported heterogeneous community responses and diverse residents attitudes simultaneously existing in a community ( Brougham et al. 1981,Rothman 1978). Critics about Doxey Irridex Model and Butler Tourism Area Life cycle According to Butler (1975) when he has developed a more complex model, he suggested that both positive and negative attitudes could be held by residents in a community simultaneously and be expressed via active and passive support or opposition. Furthermore this model is supported by Murphys (1983) research results, which reveal the distinct attitude differences among residents, public officials, and business owners in three English tourist centers. Despite that the model addresses the difficulty of residents attitudes toward tourism, researchers still lacked theories explaining relationships between residents attitudes and tourism impacts until Ap (1992) applied social exchange theory to tourism. According to the theory, exchange will start, only when there are irregular inaction forms. Ap (1992) suggests that residents evaluate tourism in terms of social exchange, that is, evaluate it in terms of expected benefits or costs obtained in return for the services they supply He also argued that when exchange of resources is high for the host actor in either the balanced or unbalanced exchange relation, tourism impacts are viewed positively, while tourism impacts are viewed negatively if exchange of resources is low. Social exchange theory has been examined as a theoretical framework by researchers to describe residents attitudes toward tourism impacts (Perdue et al. 1990, McGehee Andereck 2004). The Doxey irridex model gives a clear view of how host community attitude changes over a period of time. It mentions host community perceptions, reactions and attitudes in the direction of tourism (Manson et al.2000). This can be a conflicting principle because some research came to a conclusion that various host community attitudes and perceptions may exist in the community, (Brougham et al.1981, Rothman 1978). Akis, Peristanis Warner (1996) disapprove the Irridex Model and The Tourism Life Cycle and view it as too simple, because both models give a few hint of changing host community perceptions and attitudes over time. Other researchers like Lankford and Howard (1994, P.135) opposed against the model of Doxey(1975) because positive and negative factors that affect the perceptions and attitudes of host community are not given much consideration. As the tourism industry keeps on changing, this may be a reason why we must give this industry continuous support for its related development. Andereck vogt( 2000) stated that it is considered that optimistic attitudes towards tourism may entail the encouragement for further tourism development. If there is any delay in tourism project development can be due to frustration towards tourists. Mill and Morisson (1984) even mention that, an acceptance of tourism cannot be built unless the benefits of tourism are made relevant to the community. Attitudes and perceptions of host community at a destination is of utmost importance in the accomplishment of tourism development alongside the development of the industry at large also, (Hayword,1975), (Heenan, 1978), and Hiller (1976). There is a broad belief perception and attitudes of host community in the direction of tourism outcomes are apt to become essential planning and policy concern for flourishing development and expansion of existing and potential tourism programs, (Ap,1992). Host community attitudes and perception is very important as it will influence their behavior towards tourism, (Andriotis and Vaughan, 2003). Host community involvement and participation Community participation has become a common element in many development initiatives, such as community-based programmes, which assume participatory methods and has been promoted by development organizations, notably the World Bank, to address the inefficiency of highly centralized development approaches particularly in the developing world (Baral and Heinen, 2007). Today, many development initiatives solicit the participation of all concerned stakeholders, at the relevant level, not only for the sake of efficiency and equity of the programmes, leverage of donors and demands of local communities, but also for o for sustainability of these initiatives (Ribot, 2004). . Consequently, the real outcome for soliciting such community participation is to create and produce an enabling environment needed by these stakeholders, especially local communities who have been vulnerable to negative impacts of tourism attributed partly to the fact that many tourism resources occur in their areas, to have a real stake in development activities (Havel, 1996; Songorwa, 1999). This requires involving local communities in decision-making and strengthening their ability to act for themselves. One approach to achieve this is through investments in human capital, such as education and health, investments in social capital such as local-level institutions and participato ry processes, and support for community based development efforts planned and implemented from bottom up (Havel, 1996, p.145). However, given the fact that the central point underlying peoples participation may be the degree of power distribution, these efforts are less likely to succeed unless responsive institutions and the legal and policy framework that facilitate and support local participation are in place (Havel, 1996; Tosun, 2004; Wang and Wall, 2005).

Summer at the Cabin :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

Summer at the Cabin The cabin was built in the 1950's when my Great Grandpa rode up there, and it looks like not many repairs have been made since that time. The cabin is about 15 feet by 20 feet, and is made out of pine logs. There are places where you can see between the logs because the chinking is falling out. The cabin faces to the east. It has a small porch that was made by leaving the first four logs of the cabin about six feet longer than the rest. There is a small set of corrals in front of the cabin. There is an old shed to the north of the cabin, and the outhouse is behind it. The porch has a hole in it where a horse stepped through it when someone forgot to put the chain across the doorway. In the rafters hang old horseshoes that we tack on when one of our horses loses a shoe. Half the porch is cluttered with tools, shovels jacks, chains, shoeing equipment and an axe. The other half is full of firewood. The only electric thing in the cabin is the phone. Propane or wood runs everything else. There is only one propane light in the cabin. To light the rest we use Coleman lanterns. There isn't any running water in the cabin so we have to haul water. The floor to the cabin is made out of scrap lumber. It used to be rough, but has been worn smooth with time. There are places where it has rotted out and has been patched. There are also places that have been burned by sparks from the two stoves, and people spilling the ashes. Inside the cabin, behind the door, is a long bench we stack pop, canned stew, and many other things on. In the corner is the dog food, which we keep inside so the squirrels and birds don't get it. However that doesn't stop the mice. At night you can hear them run across the floor and into the sack. We trapped mice for three weeks before we stopped hearing them at night. A large hand made table is pushed against the left wall of the cabin. This is where we eat and play cards. I also sleep under the table at night because it is the only open space. At each end of the table is a homemade chair, and for the length of the table is an old bench.

African American Civil Rights – Short Essay

African American Civil rights The African American people were the real winners of the Civil Rights Movement. For nearly two centuries blacks had little to no civil liberties whatsoever. In a country that was founded and declared by our founding fathers as a nation â€Å"†¦for the people, by the people, and of the people† African Americans were not even considered as fellow citizens. A century of slavery and half a century of Jim Crows segregation laws, the African American people were finally victorious when the civil rights act of 1964 and the Voting Rights act of 1965 were passed.The Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities and women. Congress finally asserted their authority to regulate interstate commerce under Article One (section 8). Their duty is to guarantee all citizens equal protection including African Americans under the laws of the Fourteenth Amendment. Also the fourteenth Amend ment protects voting rights under the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibits the government from denying any citizen the ability, or right to vote based on race or color. For so long African Americans have been held back due to slavery and Jim Crow laws.After Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) racial segregation was necessary in all public facilities under the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal†. The fact of the matter is that whites and blacks were never equal, just separate. Jim Crow laws were adopted throughout the south to alienate black citizens and physically separate African Americans and whites. These laws institutionalized segregation of African Americans and whites and did not allow access use of the same schools, hospitals, prisons, public parks, housing communities, and even restrooms. Lets remember these facilities were completely unequal.The white facilities were obviously more luxurious in every way, and throughout the whole country it was obvious that in no section bla cks were treated equal. The most important goal of these laws was to keep blacks from voting. Whites realized that once blacks were able to vote freely they truly were equal to every citizen. The best way they kept blacks from voting was through literacy tests. Through all the efforts whites were putting to keep blacks from voting they have been successful allowing less than 10% of blacks voting in the south in 1910. These segregation laws stayed until Brown v.Board of Education (1954), which overturned the ruling of Plessy v. Ferguson. The decision stated that separate educational facilities are inherently unequal. It was realized after this that racial segregation was ruled a violation of the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. This decision paved the way for integration in the south and throughout the United States and was a major win in the civil rights movement. Blacks were most successfully when they were organized. The organized bus boycott, sit-ins, freedom rides, and march on Washington brought national attention to the war on civil rights.Martin Luther King Jr. led these events; his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech is world famous now due to the significance of the civil rights movement. These demonstrations were pivotal for the African American community in declaring their liberty. Finally when the Civil rights Act of 1964 passed along with the Voting Rights Act of 1965, discrimination because of race was outlawed and any color human being could vote. Blacks were finally free and were the true winners of the civil rights movement 1950s and 1960s. They were finally equal and there rights were fully instilled. (Sources: The Logic of American Politics)